Abnormal Pap Smear information
Abnormal Pap Smear
What does it mean?
What
is a Pap smear?
A
pap smear (also known as a pap test or cervical smear) takes cells from the
entrance to your uterus (the cervix) so the doctor can examine them for
abnormalities. If your pap smear is normal, you should have one every 3-5 years
(unless you have had a hysterectomy or endometriosis). If you have had an
abnormal pap smear it should be repeated every 6-12 months.
Understanding
HPV
Human
papilloma virus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is most
common worldwide. There are several different strains of HPV and some are more
serious than others. HPV is often the cause of an abnormal pap smear result. It
is responsible for most cases of cervical, vulval, and vaginal cancers, with
cervical cancer being the most likely effect.
Preventing
HPV
The
best way to prevent getting the strains of HPV that most often cause cancer is
to get one of the vaccines against the disease. Even if you have been
previously diagnosed with HPV, there are over a 100 strains so it’s still a good idea to get vaccinated. Ceverix protects
against the 2 types most likely to cause cancer, while Gardasil protects
against 4 types of HPV - the 2 most likely to cause cancer and the 2 that most
often cause genital warts. These vaccines have been proven to be safe and
effective and are recommended for women ages 9-26 (Gardasil is also recommended
for men in that age range).
Understanding
your results
An
abnormal result from a pap smear means that your cells looked different under a
microscope. This can mean you have a bit of inflammation, or it can be as
serious as cancer. It takes further testing for your doctor to determine how serious
the abnormal results are. If you do get an abnormal pap smear, it’s likely that your doctor will recommend that you be tested
more often. If retested, it’s best to avoid anything that might
irritate the cervix (for example, using a tampon or having sex) for 48 hours
prior to the test.
The
next step
Your
doctor may recommend that you undergo a procedure called a colposcopy where
they use a microscope to look at your cervix more closely. At that time your
doctor may choose to take a biopsy or scraping of the area. Depending on how
serious your pap result is and how precancerous the cells are, your doctor may
have to remove the abnormal cells with either a cutting laser or electrical
loop.
The
most important thing if you have had an abnormal pap smear is to follow up for
testing and treatment based on your doctor’s
recommendations.
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